45mm/46 21-K 防空炮

介绍

45mm/46 21-K防空炮是一款苏联防空炮，由20-K反坦克炮发展而来，装备于多种苏联舰艇。

以下载具装备了该武器：

• MBK-161 早期型
• 伏龙芝
• 无情
• 莫斯科
• 红色克里米亚
• 红色高加索
• 基洛夫
• 马克西姆·高尔基
• 伏罗希洛夫

基本信息

可用弹药

• OR-73A：白板高爆弹，爆炸威力不大，应尽早换掉。
• O-240：研发高爆弹，以初速度大幅下降为代价换取三倍装药量，用于近距离战斗。
• BR-240：穿甲弹，在高爆弹无法击穿装甲炮艇和炮塔时可以使用。
• F-73：弹底引信榴弹，相当于装药量更高的穿甲榴弹，可以穿透船体，对内部模块造成巨大伤害。

穿透统计
弹药	弹药类型	0°角时的穿透力 (mm)
		100m	1000m	2000m	3000m	4000m	5000m
OR-73A	榴弹	3	3	3	3	3	3
O-240	榴弹	5	5	5	5	5	5
BR-240	穿甲榴弹	75	55	38	27	20	15
F-73	榴弹（弹底引信）	20	15	10	7	5	4

弹药细节
弹药	弹药类型	初速度 （m/s）	弹头质量 （kg）	引信延迟 （m）	引信灵敏度 （mm）	装药量（TNT当量） （g）	跳弹入射夹角
							0%	50%	100%
OR-73A	HE	760	1.41	0	0.1	56.98	79°	80°	81°
O-240	HE	335	2.14	0	0.1	181.72	79°	80°	81°
BR-240	APHE	760	1.42	1	1.5	27.72	47°	60°	65°
F-73	HE（弹底引信）	760	1.41	0.015秒	0.1	113.96	79°	80°	81°

实战用法

21-K防空炮的防空性能和现实中一样非常糟糕，其射速比较低，只有像高尔基那样集中大量火力才有可能击中飞机。如果装备数量较少（如伏龙芝），则基本上无法对敌机造成威胁。21-K可用于打击小艇目标，其配备的高爆弹能够有效地击沉之。

优缺点

优点

• 一发就能击落敌机。
• 用高爆和弹底引信高爆打小艇稍微有效。

缺点

• 射速很低，防空能力不佳。

历史

The 21-K is a naval derivative of the Soviet 20-K tank cannon. More specifically, both guns share the same progenitor, the 19-K 45 mm anti-tank gun model 1942, a scaled-up variant of a gun from Rheinmetall. The modification for use as a naval anti-aircraft gun was a simple matter of replacing the carriage with a pedestal mount and giving the gun a semi-automatic breech, though when production began in 1934, only a quarter of the guns had this breech. The early guns were older built-up gun designs, but they would be replaced with monobloc barrels later in production. Because it was semi-automatic, the gun struggled compared to the autocannons used by other nations. It also suffered from not having a time fuse, meaning it could only destroy aircraft with a direct hit. In 1936-37, a new mount for the 21-K was created for use on river monitors called the 40-K along with the 41-K which was a twin-mount. 42 of both mounts were ultimately built. 2,799 guns were built in total from 1934 until 1947, though by 1941 it was largely superseded by the smaller, automatic 70-K as the Soviet Navy's main anti-aircraft gun. In 1942, production was switched to the upgraded 21-KM.

另请参阅

• 20-K - 坦克使用的型号
• 45 mm/68 21-KM - 炮管更长、出膛速度更高的型号
• 3.7 cm SK C/30 - 射速相近的德国防空炮

参考

• 45 mm/46 21-K (45 mm), War Thuder Wiki